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Sales Tax Amendment Ordinance, 2001

Illegal, ill-advised and unconstitutional   Dr. Ikramul Haq[*] The Central Board of Revenue (CBR), apex administrative authority responsible for collection of federal taxes, has come up with an innovative way to realise its targets fixed for sales tax by penalizing…

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Critique of extractive capitalism—II Surplus, wealth circulation & human development

  Dr. Ikramul Haq Modern economic systems continue to operate on a foundational assumption: accumulation drives growth. Wealth concentration is often portrayed as a necessary by-product of innovation, efficiency and productivity. Nevertheless, contemporary evidence increasingly suggests that excessive accumulation (extreme…

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Critique of extractive capitalism—I Growth, inequality & insecurity

    Dr. Ikramul Haq   Modern capitalism has become extractive, concentrating wealth and generating insecurity. Traditional socialism also failed to protect individual autonomy. A humanistic economic framework is needed—one that promotes cooperation, economic security and development of human potential….

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