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Annual budgets & constitutional mandate 

Dr. Ikramul Haq On August 12, 2023, the present National Assembly will end its tenure as ordained in Article 52 of the Constitution unless sooner dissolved by President on the advice of Prime Minister. Strangely, the government of Pakistan Democratic…

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Critique of extractive capitalism—II Surplus, wealth circulation & human development

  Dr. Ikramul Haq Modern economic systems continue to operate on a foundational assumption: accumulation drives growth. Wealth concentration is often portrayed as a necessary by-product of innovation, efficiency and productivity. Nevertheless, contemporary evidence increasingly suggests that excessive accumulation (extreme…

Critique of extractive capitalism—I Growth, inequality & insecurity

    Dr. Ikramul Haq   Modern capitalism has become extractive, concentrating wealth and generating insecurity. Traditional socialism also failed to protect individual autonomy. A humanistic economic framework is needed—one that promotes cooperation, economic security and development of human potential….

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