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18th Amendment, Taxation & Cooperative Federalism

     Dr. Ikramul Haq   Eighteenth  Amendment  of the Constitution, 1973, consciously   embraced   the   ethos   of   cooperative   federalism, wherein legislative fields are not rigid silos but at times interacting spheres—Attock Cement Pakistan Ltd v Province of Balochistan and another,…

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Critique of extractive capitalism—II Surplus, wealth circulation & human development

  Dr. Ikramul Haq Modern economic systems continue to operate on a foundational assumption: accumulation drives growth. Wealth concentration is often portrayed as a necessary by-product of innovation, efficiency and productivity. Nevertheless, contemporary evidence increasingly suggests that excessive accumulation (extreme…

Critique of extractive capitalism—I Growth, inequality & insecurity

    Dr. Ikramul Haq   Modern capitalism has become extractive, concentrating wealth and generating insecurity. Traditional socialism also failed to protect individual autonomy. A humanistic economic framework is needed—one that promotes cooperation, economic security and development of human potential….

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