Pakistan: Case of fiscal equalization—II
Dr. Ikramul Haq The People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) fiscal system is characterized by very high expenditure decentralization and heavy reliance on…
Trade vulnerabilities & reforms
Dr. Ikramul Haq & Abdul Rauf Shakoori The global trade environment has reached a decisive turning point, shaped by slowing economic growth,…
Experimenting with Stablecoin & Tokenization
Huzaima Bukhari, Dr. Ikramul Haq & Abdul Rauf Shakoori The global monetary system is entering a new phase in which digital money…
Application of FATF’s new guidelines
Dr. Ikramul Haq & Abdul Rauf Shakoori The global scale of financial crime now runs into trillions of dollars every year, permeating…
Fiscal Federalism & Taxation
Dr. Ikramul Haq The double aspect doctrine deals not with what the “matter” is, but what it “comes within”. The doctrine of…
Predatory state & low-growth trap
Dr. Ikramul Haq Pakistan’s perpetual economic dilemma is not merely insufficient tax collection or excessive debt burden, but a prolonged low-growth trap…
USA Tariff Policy & world trade
Huzaima Bukhari, Dr. Ikramul Haq & Abdul Rauf Shakoori The global economy today is shaped as much by trade policy as by…
Right tracking the economy
Dr. Ikramul Haq & Abdul Rauf Shakoori Pakistan’s economic strategy at the start of the current fiscal year [2025-26] reflected a cautious…
Legal fiction versus legal farce
Dr. Ikramul Haq Modern governance continually commits a perilous error: it assumes that naming something alone can substitute fiction as reality, and…