Pakistan is not bankrupt because it borrowed for schools, hospitals or railways, but because successive governments borrowed for the present. This ten-part series by Dr. Ikramul Haq traces debtocracy, the extractive and rentier state, the petroleum levy state and the oppressive tax state, to debt, taxes and democracy.
- Bankruptcy of ideas-I — Borrowing against future
- Bankruptcy of ideas-II — Debtocracy, subjugation & budget 2026-27
- Bankruptcy of ideas-III — Borrowing to pay borrowing
- Bankruptcy of ideas-IV — The extractive state
- Bankruptcy of ideas-V — The rentier state
- Bankruptcy of ideas-VI — The Fiscal Illusion
- Bankruptcy of ideas-VII — The Petroleum (Levy) State
- Bankruptcy of ideas-VIII — The Oppressive (Tax) State
- Bankruptcy of ideas-IX — The Digital Leviathan
- Bankruptcy of ideas-X — Debt, Taxes & Democracy
Related analysis
- Budget 2027 & challenges — the Budget 2027 & challenges hub page.
- Pakistan: ensnared in debt trap — Pakistan ensnared in the debt trap.
- Company Raj to Debt Raj-I — from Company Raj to Debt Raj.