Dr. Ikramul Haq & Abdul Rauf Shakoori The modern national/democratic states are run on the well-established principle of separation of powers—in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan [“the Constitution”] this is well-enshrined as trichotomy of powers. Under the trichotomy…
Budget & Ashrafiya
Dr. Ikramul Haq Pakistan is controlled and ruled by ashrafiya (elites)—comprising indomitable military brass, top civil bureaucracy, higher judiciary, landed upper crust and their cronies in politics, industrialist-turned politicians, religious and so-called spiritual leaders (sic), media tycoons…
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