Dr. Ikramul Haq & Abdul Rauf Shakoori The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), like central banks of other countries, plays an important role in determination and implementation of monetary policy, formulation and implementation of exchange rate policy, holding, managing all…
Budget & Ashrafiya
Dr. Ikramul Haq Pakistan is controlled and ruled by ashrafiya (elites)—comprising indomitable military brass, top civil bureaucracy, higher judiciary, landed upper crust and their cronies in politics, industrialist-turned politicians, religious and so-called spiritual leaders (sic), media tycoons…