Dr. Ikramul Haq & Abdul Rauf Shakoori Debt is a critical element in economic growth, allowing governments to finance infrastructure projects, social programmes, and economic stimulus measures that drive long-term development. Countries often borrow from multilateral institutions like the…
Budget & Ashrafiya
Dr. Ikramul Haq Pakistan is controlled and ruled by ashrafiya (elites)—comprising indomitable military brass, top civil bureaucracy, higher judiciary, landed upper crust and their cronies in politics, industrialist-turned politicians, religious and so-called spiritual leaders (sic), media tycoons…
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