Dr. Ikramul Haq As two-thirds of the tax collected is in the form of indirect taxes and one-fourth of the entire amount comes from petroleum and petroleum products at various stages (which is passed on to consumers), the overall incidence…
Budget & Ashrafiya
Dr. Ikramul Haq Pakistan is controlled and ruled by ashrafiya (elites)—comprising indomitable military brass, top civil bureaucracy, higher judiciary, landed upper crust and their cronies in politics, industrialist-turned politicians, religious and so-called spiritual leaders (sic), media tycoons…
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