FBR’s Performance FY 2024-25 (Part VI)
Trust Deficit, Tariff & Structural Reform Dr. Ikramul Haq The six-part analysis of FBR’s performance for fiscal year 2024-25 reveals that it is not…
FBR’s Performance FY 2024-25 (Part V)
FED: Evasion, Fiscal Federalism & Policy Failure Dr. Ikramul Haq Pakistan aptly fits in the concept of a “soft state”—famously articulated by the Nobel…
FBR’s Performance FY 2024-25 (Part IV)
Tariff distortions, under-invoicing & structural trade imbalances Dr. Ikramul Haq If income tax has become largely indirect taxation, through pass-on withholdingisation, and sales tax…
FBR’s Performance FY 2024-25 (Part II)
Income Tax or Expropriatory Taxation? Dr. Ikramul Haq The real test of any modern income tax system is not how much revenue it collects…
FBR’s Performance FY 2024-25 (Part I)
Two Yearbooks, Two Narratives Dr. Ikramul Haq “Pakistan recorded the second-largest equity losses and the highest rise in risk premiums since the start of…
FCC’s super tax detailed judgement: When “additional duty” becomes unconstitutional extraction
Huzaima Bukhari & Dr. Ikramul Haq The short order of the Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) of Pakistan of January 27, 2026 on…
Super Tax Detailed Judgement: Constitution’s Breaking Point
A tax is not defined by how it is written; it is defined by what it taxes. The constitutional test has always been…
Super tax & collapse of constitutional limits
Dr. Ikramul Haq The Federal Constitutional Court’s long-awaited detailed judgment released on April 29, 2026 (short order was announced on January 27,…
Constitution & capital assets taxation
Huzaima Bukhari & Dr. Ikramul Haq Since the phrase, “treated to have derived, as income”, used in the impugned Section 7E, fails…